Operators in Java

operators are present every programming language, operators are single character which does some specific task .for example + operator is used to add two numbers

Types of Operators in Java

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Logical Operators
3. Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators
4. Comparison (relational) operators
5. Bitwise Operators
6. Assignment Operators
7. Ternary Operator

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to performing arithmetic operations like addition subtraction.

NO	symbol	name
1	+	addition
2	–	subtraction
3	*	multiplication
4	/	division
5	%	modulo

Modulo operator returns remainder, for example, 10 % 5 would return 0

Example for Arithmetic Operators

public class xx{

public static void main(String args[]) {

int x = 100;

int y = 50;

System.out.println("x + y: " + (x + y) );

System.out.println("x - y: " + (x - y) );

System.out.println("x * y: " + (x * y) );

System.out.println("x / y: " + (x / y) );

System.out.println("x % y: " + (x % y) );

}

}

OUTPUT

x + y: 150

x - y: 50

x * y: 5000

x / y: 2

x % y: 0

Logical Operators

Using logical operators we can check multiple conditions .this condition has two answers true or false ,for example “3 is odd or even number” the answer is true .there are so many multiple conditions in logical operators

operator	meaning	Example
&&	Logical AND	If c=1 and d=2 then, (c==1) && (d>1) equals to 0
!	Logical NOT	If c =1 then, expression ! (c == 1) equals to 0.
||	Logical OR	If c=1 and d=2 then, (c==1) || (d>1) equals to 1.

if there are two conditions .the logical operators works as shown in below table

LOGICAL OPERATOR	FIRST CONDITION	SECOND CONDITION	RESULT
&&	true	true	true
&&	true	false	false
&&	false	true	false
&&	false	false	false
||	true	true	true
||	true	false	true
||	false	true	true
||	false	false	false

Logical Operators Example

public class logical{

public static void main(String args[]) {

boolean x = true;

boolean y = false;

System.out.println("x && y: " + (x&&y));

System.out.println("x || y: " + (x||y));

System.out.println("!(x && y): " + !(x&&y));

}

}

OUTPUT

x && y: false

x || y: true

!(x && y): true

Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators

these operators are used to increment a value by 1 (++) and it uis used to decrement a value by 1 by (–)

increment operator is implemented in two forms

1)pre-increment

here, the value incremented first and and then assigned

example: ++a

a = 5;

b =++a;

result

a=6

b=6

2)post-increment

here, the value is assigned first and the incremented

ja = 5;

b =a++;

result

a=6

b=5

3)pre-decrement

here, the value decremented first and and then assigned

a = 5;

b =--a;

result

a=4

b=4

4 )post-decrement

here, the value is assigned first and then decremented

a = 5;

b =a--;

result

a=4

b=5

Increment Decrement Example:

public class inde{

public static void main(String args[]) {

int a=4,b=6,c=34,d=12;

System.out.println(a++);

System.out.println(++b);

System.out.println(c--);

System.out.println(--d);

}

}

OUTPUT

4

7

34

11

Relational operators

Relational operators are used to comparing between two values .it evaluates to 1 if the condition is true and 0 for if it is false.

NO	symbol	meaning
1	==	returns true if both the left side and right side are equal
**2**	****!=****	returns true if the left side is not equal to the right side of the operator.
3	>	returns true if the left side is greater than right.
4	<	returns true if the left side is less than the right side.
5	>=	returns true if the left side is greater than or equal to the right side.
6	<=	returns true if the left side is less than or equal to the right side.

Relational operators Example

public class Main{

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 10;

int b = 20;

System.out.println(a == b);

System.out.println(a != b);

System.out.println(a > b);

System.out.println(a < b);

System.out.println(a >= b);

System.out.println(a <= b);

}

}

OUTPUT

false

true

false

true

false

true

Bitwise Operators

these are used to perform calculations on binary numbers. addition, subtraction, addition, and division are done in bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power

NO	operator	meaning
1	&	Bitwise AND
2	^	Bitwise exclusive OR
3	|	Bitwise OR
4	~	Bitwise complement
5	>> and <<	Shift right and left

Bitwise AND operator &

the output of bitwise AND will be 1,if the both operands are 1 ,if either any one is 0 , the result of corresponding to that bit is evaluated to 0.

a = 5 , b=10

c=a&b

a = 5 = 0101

b = 10= 1010

0000

c=0000=20

Bitwise OR operator |

this will return 1 ,when any one of the input is 1,otherwise returns zero.

a = 5 , b=10

c=a|b

a = 5 = 0101

b = 10= 1010

1111

c=1111=15=F

Bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operator ^

this returns 1,when the two operands are diffrent ,but it both are same it returns 0

a = 5 , b=10

c=a^b

a = 5 = 0101

b = 10= 1010

1111

c=1111=15=F

Bitwise complement operator ~

this is an uniary operator,works on one operand . It changes the 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. It is denoted by ~.

a = 0101

~a =1010

=1010

a=value (10)

Right Shift Operator >>

this is used to shift the bits in a given binary number towards right in a required no of positions ,denoted by >>

left shit operator <<

Left shift operator shifts all bits towards left by certain number of specified bits. It is denoted by <<.

Assignment Operators

Operator	Step 1 example	Step 2 example
%=	a %= b	a = a%b
*=	a *= b	a = a*b
+=	a += b	a = a+b
-=	a -= b	a = a-b
/=	a /= b	a = a/b
=	a = b	a = b

Assignment Operators Example

class assignmentoperators

{

public static void main(String args[])

{

int X,Y;

X=10;

Y=13;

System.out.println("X += 3 : "+(X+=3));

System.out.println("X -= 11 : "+(X-=11));

System. out. println("Y *= 8 : "+(Y*=8));

System. out. println("Y /= 6 : " +(Y/=6));

}

}

Output

X += 3 : 13

X -= 11 : 2

Y *= 8 : 104

Y /= 6 : 17

Ternary Operator

This operator has three arguments ,the value will be returned based on boolean expression

Syntax:

Boolean Expression ? First Statement : Second Statement

if the boolean expression is true then First statement will be returned and if the boolean expression is false then Second statement will be returned

Ternary operator can be replaced with if-else. The below example can be written using if-else statement as shown below.

Ternary Operator Example

class ifelse

{

public static void main(String args[])

{

int x = 20, y = 10;

int result = 0;

System. out. println("the first number is " +x);

System. out. println("the second number is " +y);

if (x > y)

result = x;

else if (x < y)

result = y;

System. out. println("the biggest number is " +result);

}

}

This can be replaced by the below code

class ternanry

{

public static void main(String args[])

{

int x = 20, y = 10;

int result = 0;

System. out. println("the first number is " +x);

System. out. println("the second number is " +y);

result = x>y?x:y;

System. out. println("the biggest number is " +result);

}

}

Output

the first number is 20

the second number is 10

the biggest number is 20