Try Catch Block in Java

we have discussed what is exception handling in java, now we will see the different types of block statements used for exception handling

Try block

Try block contains a set of statements where the exception might occur. A try block must be followed by either a catch block or finally block. a catch block handles the exception occurred from the try block

Syntax

try{
   //statements that may cause an exception
}

Catch block

Catch block is used to handle exceptions from the try block. Catch block must followed by the try block. catch block contains two parameters ,type of the exception and exception object name. there can multiple catch statements for the single try block

try{
     //statements that may cause an exception
}
catch (exception(type) e(object))‏{
     //error handling code
}

Example for try-catch block

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
  
      try {
        int dividebyzero = 25 / 0;
        System.out.println("Rest of code after exception occurs in the try block ");
       
      } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
        System.out.println(e);
      }
  System.out.println("Rest of code after catch block ");
    }
  }

Output

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
Rest of code after catch block

In the above example, in try block we have divided a number 20 with 0, this raises a arithmetic exception, so the catch block parameter we have used ArithmeticException as the exception type and the object as e, so when this code is executed the exception name will be displayed and then the rest of the code which is present below the catch block will be executed

you may have observed above that the print statement after the exception (25 / 0) did int got in the output because, the statements below the exception caused line will not be executed

Multiple Catch blocks

As we know already a single try block can have multiple catch blocks. below are some points regarding mutiple catch blocks

A single try block can have any number of catch blocks
First, is the try block followed by catch blocks
Multiple catch blocks are used to handle each exception separately
There is a generic catch block, which can handle every type of exception
if there is no exception occurred in the try block the, the catch blocks are ignored
each catch block can have ist won type of exception

Generic catch block syntax

catch(Exception e){
  //This catch block catches all the exceptions
}

we can use only generic exception catch block for all exceptions,but this cannot identify which exception has occurred in the try block

for example, if there is an ArithmeticException and NullPointerException both occur in the try block, so if we use a generic catch block, the output display message will be the same for both of these exceptions, so the user may not identify which exception has caused the program to terminate. so this generic catch block should be placed as the last catch block

info

generic exception catch block should be always a last catch block, or else it will override its following catch blocks

Multiple catch blocks Example (placing generic catch block at beginning)

class Main
{
public static void main(String... ar){
    try{
        int arr[]= {1,2,3,4};
        System.out.println("Value ="+arr[5]);   //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown, invalid index 5.
    }
    catch(Exception exp)   //catch block to handle/catch a more general superclass "Exception"
    {
     System.out.println("Exception Caught - "+ exp);
    }
    catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exp)   //catch block to handle/catch a very specific subclass
                        //of Exception class, "ArrayIndexOfBoundsException"
    {
    System.out.println(exp);
    }

   }
}

Output

Main.java:12: error: exception ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException has already been caught
    catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exp)   //catch block to handle/catch a very specific subclass
    ^
1 error

In the above program, generic catch block is placed at the top of the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException so ,the program throws error stating “exception ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException has already been caught”

Try block#

Catch block#

Example for try-catch block#

Multiple Catch blocks#

info

Try block

Catch block

Example for try-catch block

Multiple Catch blocks